Effect evaluation of peroneal osteotomy combined with arthroscopic knee debridement in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of peroneal osteotomy combined with arthroscopic knee debridement on perioperative indexes, X-ray indexes, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Assessment score (JOA score), American Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS score) and complication rate of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A prospective research method was adopted. A total of 110 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were admitted to Chengde Central Hospital from April 2016 to April 2021 were selected as the research objects and divided into the control group (55 cases), the combined group (55 cases) by random number table method. The control group underwent arthroscopic debridement of the knee joint. On the basis of the control group, the combined group was combined with fibula osteotomy. The control group and the combined group were followed up for 6 months after operation. The perioperative indicators, score of JOA before and after 1 month of treatment, X-ray indicators, score of HSS before and after 6 months of treatment, and the incidence of complications during the follow-up period were compared between the control group and the combined group.Results:The operation time of the combined group was longer than that of the control group: (84.36 ± 14.64) min vs. (75.88 ± 12.86) min; compared with before operation, 1 month after operation, the scores of swelling, pain while up and down stairs, walking pain, joint range of motion were increased in the control group and the combined group, and the combined group was higher than the control group: (8.35 ± 0.73) points vs. (6.74 ± 0.67) points, (15.05 ± 1.74) points vs. (13.96±1.66) points, (21.75 ± 2.07) points vs. (18.58 ± 1.73) points, (27.59 ± 3.25) points vs. (25.74 ± 2.83) points; the femoral tibial angle and the range of motion of the knee joint in the control group and the combined group were increased, and the combined group was greater than the control group: (1.94 ± 0.60)° vs. (3.02 ± 0.67)°; the scores of stability, flexion deformity, muscle strength, range of motion, function, and pain in the control group and the combined group increased, and the combined group was higher than the control group: (8.62 ± 0.86) points vs. (6.89 ± 0.78) points, (7.86 ± 0.96) points vs. (6.27 ± 0.68) points, (7.79 ± 0.62) points vs. (6.95 ± 0.57) points, (14.95 ± 2.60) points vs. (12.48 ± 2.33) points, (17.46 ± 2.21) points vs. (14.59 ± 1.76) points, (24.83 ± 3.25) points vs. (18.59 ± 2.57) points, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). During the following up period, there were no significant differences in the incidences of osteofascial compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury, intraarticular adhesion and incision infection between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The operation time of fibular osteotomy combined with arthroscopic debridement of knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis was longer, but fibular osteotomy combined with arthroscopic debridement of the knee joint can reduce the valgus of the patient and improve the range of motion of the joint. It could effectively reduce the degree of pain and improve the function of knee joint, and the safety was good, with good therapeutic effect.

Control of lupus activity during pregnancy via the engagement of IgG sialylation: novel crosstalk between IgG sialylation and pDC functions / 医学前沿

Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation affects the effector functions of IgG in a myriad of biological processes and has been closely associated with numerous autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thus underlining the pathogenic role of glycosylation aberration in autoimmunity. This study aims to explore the relationship between IgG sialylation patterns and lupus pregnancy. Relative to that in serum samples from the control cohort, IgG sialylation level was aberrantly downregulated in serum samples from the SLE cohort at four stages (from preconception to the third trimester of pregnancy) and was significantly associated with lupus activity and fetal loss during lupus pregnancy. The type I interferon signature of pregnant patients with SLE was negatively correlated with the level of IgG sialylation. The lack of sialylation dampened the ability of IgG to suppress the functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). RNA-seq analysis further revealed that the expression of genes associated with the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling pathway significantly differed between IgG- and deSia-IgG-treated pDCs. This finding was confirmed by the attenuation of the ability to phosphorylate SYK and BLNK in deSia-IgG. Finally, the coculture of pDCs isolated from pregnant patients with SLE with IgG/deSia-IgG demonstrated the sialylation-dependent anti-inflammatory function of IgG. Our findings suggested that IgG influences lupus activity through regulating pDCs function via the modulation of the SYK pathway in a sialic acid-dependent manner.

Clinical and genetic analysis of three children with Menkes disease due to variants of ATP7A gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of three children with Menkes disease.@*METHODS@#Three children who had presented at the Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January 2020 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the children were reviewed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the children, their parents and sister of child 1. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and bioinformatic analysis.@*RESULTS@#Child 1 was a 1-year-and-4-month male, and children 2 and 3 were monozygotic twin males aged 1-year-and-10-month. The clinical manifestations of the three children have included developmental delay and seizures. WES showed that child 1 has harbored a c.3294+1G>A variant of the ATP7A gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that his parents and sister did not carry the same variant, suggesting that it was de novo. Children 2 and 3 had carried a c.77266650_77267178del copy number variation. CNV-seq results showed that their mother has carried the same variant. By searching the HGMD, OMIM and ClinVar databases, the c.3294+1G>A was known to be pathogenic. No carrier frequency has been recorded in the 1000 Genomes, ESP, ExAC and gnomAD databases. Based on the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the ATP7A gene c.3294+1G>A variant was predicted to be pathogenic. The c.77266650_77267178del variant has involved exons 8 to 9 of the ATP7A gene. ClinGen online system score for it was 1.8, which was also considered to be pathogenic.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.3294+1G>A and c.77266650_ 77267178del variants of the ATP7A gene probably underlay the Menkes disease in the three children. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of Menkes disease and provided a basis for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Clinical observation on electroacupuncture at "four points of sacral region" on moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect between electroacupuncture at "four points of sacral region" and transurethral Erbium laser in treatment of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.@*METHODS@#A total of 68 patients of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy were divided into an electroacupuncture group (34 cases) and an Erbium laser group (34 cases, 3 cases dropped off) according to the settings. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at "four points of sacral region", i.e. points of 0.5 cun beside bilateral sacrococcygeal joints and bilateral Huiyang (BL 35), with continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency, 60 min each time, once every other day, 3 times a week, 12 times as one course of treatment. In the Erbium laser group, transurethral Erbium laser technology was given, once every 4 weeks as one course of treatment. Both groups were treated for 5 courses. The scores of the International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICI-Q-SF) and the incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) were observed before treatment, after each course of treatment and in follow-up after 1 and 2 months of treatment completion, respectively, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the ICI-Q-SF scores were decreased while the I-QOL scores were increased after 5 courses of treatment and in follow-up after 1, 2 months of treatment completion in the two groups (P<0.01). The ICI-Q-SF score in follow-up after 2 months of treatment completion were higher than that after 5 courses of treatment in the Erbium laser group (P<0.05). After 3, 4, 5 courses of treatment and in follow-up after 1 and 2 months of treatment completion, the ICI-Q-SF scores in the electroacupuncture group were lower than those in the Erbium laser group (P<0.05, P<0.01); after 2, 3, 4, 5 courses of treatment and in follow-up after 1 and 2 months of treatment completion, the I-QOL scores in the electroacupuncture group were higher than those in the Erbium laser group (P<0.01). The change ranges of ICI-Q-SF score and I-QOL score between before treatment and after each course of treatment in the electroacupuncture group were lager than those in the Erbium laser group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The total effective rate was 61.8% (21/34) in the electroacupuncture group, which was superior to 19.4 (6/31) in the Erbium laser group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Both electroacupuncture at "four points of sacral region" and transurethral Erbium laser can improve the clinical symptoms and the quality of life in patients of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. The short-term efficacy and long-term efficacy of electroacupuncture are superior to the Erbium laser technology.

Clinical Study on Dynamic Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prognostic significance of dynamic detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by 8-color flow cytometry.@*METHODS@#MRD of 282 AML patients who achieved remission after initial therapy was detected by 8-color flow cytometry. MRD threshold for predicting recurrence was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time from MRD-positive to clinical recurrence was analyzed. The differences in overall survival (OS) time and relapse-free survival (RFS) time of patients with different MRD-changes were compared, and the related factors of recurrence in patients with MRD-negative were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#ROC curve determined that the MFC-MRD threshold for predicting the recurrence of AML was 0.105%, and the recurrence rate of MRD-positive patients was significantly higher than that of MRD-negative patients [52.45% (75/143 cases) vs 35.97% (50/139 cases), P=0.005]. The patients in MRD persistent positive group and negative to positive group recurred earlier than those in positive to negative group and negative-positive fluctuation group (P<0.005). Survival analysis showed that OS and RFS time of patients with MRD persistent positive were significantly shorter than those of patients with MRD persistent negative, positive to negative, and negative-positive fluctuation (P<0.005). There was no significant difference in OS and RFS between MRD negative to positive group and MRD persistent positive group (P>0.005), either between MRD persistent negative group and MRD positive to negative group (P>0.005). Among 139 MRD-negative patients, 50 recurred. Univariate and logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of recurrence increased with the increase of white blood cells level (95%CI: 1.000-1.013, P=0.045). The risk of recurrence in patients without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was 9.694 times higher than that in patients who received HSCT (95%CI: 1.720-54.651, P=0.010), and in the high-risk group was 5.848 times higher than that in the low-risk group (95%CI: 1.418-24.121, P=0.015).@*CONCLUSION@#The prognosis of AML patients with different MRD changes is significantly different. No matter MRD-positive or MRD-negative at the initial remission, dynamic detection of MRD after treatment is more helpful to accurately guide treatment.

A 3D hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells promotes cartilage repair in rats by modulating immunological microenvironment / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy of GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes for repairing injured rat knee articular cartilage.@*METHODS@#The supernatant of cultured bone marrow stem cells was subjected to ultracentrifugation separate and extract the exosomes, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western blotting of the surface markers. The changes in rheology and electron microscopic features of GelMA hydrogel were examined after loading the exosomes. We assessed exosome release from the hydrogel was detected by BCA protein detection method, and labeled the exosomes with PKH26 red fluorescent dye to observe their phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. The effects of the exosomes alone, unloaded hydrogel, and exosome-loaded hydrogel on the polarization of RAW264.7 cells were detected by q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay. We further tested the effect of the exosome-loaded hydrogel on cartilage repair in a Transwell co-culture cell model of RAW264.7 cells and chondrocytes in a rat model of knee cartilage injury using q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay and HE and Masson staining.@*RESULTS@#GelMA hydrogel loaded with exosomes significantly promoted M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). In the Transwell co-culture model, the exosome-loaded GelMA hydrogel significantly promoted the repair of injured chondrocytes by regulating RAW264.7 cell transformation from M1 to M2 (P < 0.05). HE and Masson staining showed that the exosome-loaded hydrogel obviously promoted cartilage repair in the rat models damage.@*CONCLUSION@#GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes can significantly promote the repair of cartilage damage in rats by improving the immune microenvironment.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dabrafenib in the Treatment of 20 Chinese Children with BRAFV600E-Mutated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dabrafenib in children with BRAFV600E-mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). @*Materials and Methods@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH who were treated with dabrafenib. @*Results@#The median age at which the patients started taking dabrafenib was 2.3 years old (range, 0.6 to 6.5 years). The ratio of boys to girls was 2.3:1. The median follow-up time was 30.8 months (range, 18.9 to 43.6 months). There were 14 patients (70%) in the risk organ (RO)+ group and six patients (30%) in the RO– group. All patients were initially treated with traditional chemotherapy and then shifted to targeted therapy due to poor control of LCH or intolerance to chemotherapy. The overall objective response rate and the overall disease control rate were 65% and 75%, respectively. During treatment, circulating levels of cell-free BRAFV600E (cfBRAFV600E) became negative in 60% of the patients within a median period of 3.0 months (range, 1.0 to 9.0 months). Grade 2 or 3 adverse effects occurred in five patients. @*Conclusion@#Some children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH may benefit from monotherapy with dabrafenib, especially high-risk patients with concomitant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and intolerance to chemotherapy. The safety of dabrafenib is notable. A prospective study with a larger sample size is required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment duration.

Effect of childhood trauma on depressive symptoms in college students: the mediating role of depletion sensitivity and the moderating role of self-control / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of childhood trauma on depression of college students and the role of depletion sensitivity and self-control in it.Methods:A total of 1 678 freshmen and sophomores from a medical university in Guangzhou were investigated by childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ), depletion sensitivity scale(DSS) and self-control scale(SCS) through random cluster sampling. The mediating effect of depletion sensitivity and moderating effect of self-control were examined by SPSS 26.0 macro program PROCESS V2.13.Results:(1)The total scores of CTQ and BDI-Ⅱ in college students were (34.56±7.03) and ( M( QR): 5.00(7.00)) respectively, and the scores of DSS and SCS were (41.78±12.21) and (40.02±8.15) respectively. (2)Childhood trauma was positively correlated with depletion sensitivity ( r= 0.20, P<0.01) and depletion sensitivity was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r=0.48, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between self-control and depressive symptoms ( r=-0.49, P<0.01). (3)Depletion sensitivity partly mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. The direct effect (effect size=0.28) and mediating effect (effect size=0.07) accounted for 80% and 20% of the total effect (effect size=0.35), respectively. (4)Self-control moderated the path between depletion sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Conclusion:Childhood trauma can indirectly affect college students′ depressive symptoms through depletion sensitivity, and the partial mediatory role of depletion sensitivity is also moderated by self-control.

Correlation analysis of color change and Maillard reaction during processing of Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus / 中国中药杂志

The chromaticity space parameters of the samples during the processing of Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus(Jiaozhizi in Chinese herbal name, JZZ) were measured by the visual analyzer to analyze the color variation rule during the processing of JZZ, and the content changes of total reducing sugar, total amino acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) related to Maillard reaction were measured. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis of the data were carried out by SPSS 24.0 software. The experimental results showed that the objective coloration of the samples in the processing of JZZ was basically consistent with the traditional subjective color judgment; the contents of total reducing sugar and total amino acids showed a decreasing trend during the processing of JZZ, and the content of 5-HMF showed an increasing trend, which was in line with Maillard reaction law. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the chromaticity space parameters L~*(lightness value), a~*(red green value), b~*(yellow blue value), E~*ab(total color value) and the contents of total reducing sugar, total amino acid and 5-HMF(P<0.01), among which the values of L~*, a~*, b~*, E~*ab were positively correlated with the contents of total reducing sugar and total amino acid, and negatively correlated with the contents of 5-HMF. The results of linear regression analysis also showed that these two were highly correlated. In this study, by establishing the correspondence relationship between the color change of JZZ processing and Maillard reactants, wecan not only provide a basis for the objective digital expression of subjective color of JZZ, but also provide a reference for explaining the processing mechanism of JZZ from a new perspective.

Killing Effect of A CD7 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK-92MI Cell Line on CD7-Positive Hematological Malignant Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the killing effect of NK-92MI cells modified by chimeric antigen receptor (CD7-CAR) and specifically targeting CD7 to CD7 hematological malignant cells.@*METHODS@#Three types of hematological malignant tumor cells, including 5 cases of CD7 acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), 10 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 6 cases of T-cell lymphoma were collected, centrifuged, cultured and used to detect the expression levels of tumor cell surface targets; 7-AAD, CD56-APC, CD3-FITC, IgG Fc-PE flow cytometry were used to detected the transfection efficiency of NK-92MI and CD7-CAR-NK-92MI cells, killing efficiencies of CD7-CAR-NK-92MI cells to CD7 hematological tumor cells in vitro were determined by flow cytometry using PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Secretion differences of NK-92MI and CD7-CAR-NK-92MI cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and granzyme B detection were estimated by using CBA kit.@*RESULTS@#The killing efficiencies of CD7-CAR-modified NK-92MI cells to CD7 T-ALL, AML, T-cell lymphoma tumor cells were significantly higher than those of NK-92MI cells without genetical modification. The difference showed statistically significant (P＜0.05). The level of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly increased among cytokines secreted by CD7-CAR-modified NK-92MI cells as compared with those of NK-92MI cells without genetical modification (P＜0.05) .@*CONCLUSION@#CD7-CAR-modified NK-92MI cells have significantly improved killing efficiency against CD7 T-ALL, AML and T lymphoma cells, and shows specific targeting effects, which provides a clinical basis for the treatment of CD7 hematological malignancies.

Correlation between EOS level and hormone therapy effect and prognosis of patients with AECOPD / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the correlation between EOS level and hormone therapy effect and prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods:From January 2016 to June 2018, 120 patients with AECOPD were selected in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong.According to EOS levels, all patients were divided into two groups, including EOS ≥2% group(56 cases) and EOS<2% group(64 cases). The general clinical data and treatment related indicators of patients with different EOS levels were compared, and the clinical value of EOS level in predicting the risk of severe AECOPD recurrence and death of patients were evaluated.Results:The levels of WBC, N%, NLR and CRP of the EOS≥2% group were significantly lower than those of the EOS<2% group[(6.89±1.16)×10 9/L, (69.08±12.79)%, (3.54±1.16), (5.30±1.18)mg/L vs.(8.45±1.85)×10 9/L, (76.42±16.58)%, (6.08±1.42), (7.43±1.77)mg/L]( t=5.27, 4.81, 4.65, 2.58, all P<0.05). The used time of antibiotics of the EOS≥2% group was significantly shorter than that of the EOS<2% group[8.0(6.0, 10.0)d vs.9.0(7.0, 11.0)d]( U=2.46, P<0.05). The time of hormone therapy and hospitalization time of the EOS≥2% group were significantly shorter than those of the EOS<2% group[9.0(7.0, 11.0)d, 10.0(9.0, 12.0)d vs.11.0(7.0, 13.0)d, 12.0(10.0, 13.0)d]( U=2.79, 2.56, all P<0.05). The proportion of CAT score decreased ≥2 points at 7d after treatment of the EOS≥2% group was significantly higher than that of the EOS<2% group[86.84% vs.68.18%](χ 2=2.84, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that EOS≥2% was the independent risk factor for severe AECOPD recurrence and death( OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.49~5.03, P<0.05). There was no relationship between EOS level and death risk ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum EOS level can independently predict the clinical effect of hormone therapy and prognosis in patients with AECOPD, and clinicians can make more reasonable clinical treatment plan accordingly.

General Situation of Modern Research of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chuanxiong Chatiaosan was first recorded in Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang, which was made up of 8 herbs, including Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. This prescription mainly contains a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, volatile oils and other compounds, which play the biological activity of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Chuanxiong Chatiaosan can reduce blood viscosity, improve cerebral circulation, and has central analgesic effect to treat migraine effectively. However, the mechanism for treating migraine of this prescription is still unclear. The author elaborated the research status of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan from four aspects, including quality control method, chemical composition, preparation technology and pharmacological research, hoping to provide references for rational clinical application and explanation of pharmacological mechanism of this prescription.

A simple strategy for delivery of carbon monoxide against septic lung injury / 药学学报

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important chemical gas messenger molecule in the body with anti-inflammatory activity. As an active substance in gaseous state, the method for its safe and effective delivery towards the lesion sites remains to be established. Based on the natural affinity of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin, a main component of red blood cells (RBCs), this study proposes a carbon monoxide-red blood cell (CO-RBC) composite system, and tested its therapeutic effect against lung injury in an animal model. The mouse model of septic lung injury was adopted, and the carbon monoxide release molecule (CORM-2) was used as a positive control. CO-RBC system was characterized by CO release, stability, toxicity and in vivo lung targeting. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and pulmonary surfactant protein-A (SP-A) were evaluated in the animal model and the therapeutic effect of CO-RBC system for sepsis was measured by inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as survival time of mice and pathological changes of the lung. Our results show that CO-RBC system exhibited satisfactory stability with negligible CO release during 48 h storage under nitrogen protection, while the CO release was about 70% within 12 h under physiological condition, in contrast to CO burst release from CORM-2. The CO-RBC system showed no significant toxicity in the animal model, and in vivo fluorescence imaging results showed effective accumulation in the lungs, supporting its lung targeting effects. The secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CO-RBC group was significantly lower than that in other groups, the degree of pulmonary interstitial edema was relieved, the white blood cell infiltration was decreased, and the survival rate was significantly improved. Therefore, the CO-RBC system has a significant inhibitory effect on the pulmonary inflammatory response in septic mice compared with CORM-2. This system provides a new hope for therapeutic treatment of sepsis.

Research Progress of Processing in Production Place and Processing Methods of Bupleuri Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Bupleuri Radix is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice, which has the effects of relieving fever, relieving liver and depression, and promoting Yangqi. At present, the varieties of Bupleuri Radix are relatively chaotic, and the processing in the production areas is relatively extensive. In the processing of Bupleuri Radix, the processed products contained in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia are raw products and vinegar-processed products. In addition, the specifications on Chinese medicine processing in various provinces and cities contain many processing methods, such as stir-frying with wine, stir-frying with honey, processed with turtle blood, etc. However, there are great differences in processing specifications among provinces and cities, and the processing methods lack clear process parameters, so the quality of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces produced on these basis is uneven, which affects the clinical application of the decoction pieces. By consulting ancient books and relevant literature, the authors conduct textual research on the varieties of Bupleuri Radix, and systematically summarized the processing methods and processing methods in the producing area, so as to provide reference for the establishment of processing technology specifications and quality standards of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces.

Research Progress of Gardeniae Fructus in Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ischemic stroke is one of the diseases that seriously threaten human health. It is characterized by the high morbidity, disability rate and mortality, and has been lacking effective treatment. Its occurrence is related to metabolic disorder, calcium overload, free radical injury, inflammatory reaction, etc. Gardeniae Fructus not only has antipyretic, analgesic, hepatoprotective and cholagogic effects, but also has protective effects against ischemic brain injury. At present, there are more studies about the main components of Gardeniae Fructus against ischemic brain injury, but the mechanism is unclear. In this paper, the mechanism of the main active ingredients from Gardeniae Fructus in the treatment of cerebral ischemia injury in recent years was reviewed, and the effective component monomer and the whole were analyzed, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of ischemic brain injury of Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces, and provide a reference for further research and application of this decoction pieces.

Enhancement of T Follicular Helper Cell-Mediated Humoral Immunity Reponses During Development of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis / 神经科学通报·英文版

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical antibody-mediated neurological autoimmune disease with the involvement of humoral immune responses in its pathogenesis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been implicated in many autoimmune diseases. However, whether and how Tfh cells are involved in MG remain unclear. Here, we established and studied a widely-used and approved animal model of human MG, the rat model with acetylcholine receptor alpha (AChRα) subunit (R-AChR)-induced experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). This model presented mild body-weight loss 10 days after the first immunization (representing the early stage of disease) and more obvious clinical manifestations and body-weight loss 7 days after the second immunization (representing the late stage of disease). AChR-specific pre-Tfh cells and mature Tfh cells were detected in these two stages, respectively. In co-cultures of Tfh cells and B cells, the number of IgG2b-secreting B cells and the level of anti-AChR antibodies in the supernatant were higher in the cultures containing EAMG-derived Tfh cells. In immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays, a substantial number of CD4/Bcl-6 T cells and a greater number of larger germinal centers were observed in lymph node tissues resected from EAMG rats. Based on these results, we hypothesize that an AChR-specific Tfh cell-mediated humoral immune response contributes to the development of EAMG.

Effects of autophagy on spermatogenesis and sperm motility / 中华男科学杂志

Decreased sperm count, low sperm motility and sperm malformation are important factors of male infertility, but their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conservative cellular process and plays an important role in spermatogenic cells in both normal physiological and adverse conditions. On the one hand, autophagy can degrade the majority of long-lived proteins and organelles to maintain the intracellular homeostasis of spermatogenic cells, the meiosis of spermatocytes and spermiogenesis, and improve sperm motility. On the other hand, excessive autophagy can lead to excessive consumption of proteins and damage to organelles, induce cellular dysfunction, and result in sperm count reduction, spermatogenic defects, and low sperm motility. This review presents an overview of the recent studies on the influences of autophagy on spermatogenesis and sperm motility, aiming for some new therapeutic targets for male infertility.

Value of MORC2-IDH1 detection in molecular subtyping of glioblastoma patients treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of microrchidia 2(MORC2) in glioblastoma patients and to evaluate its prognostic value of MORC2 expression combined with IDH1 mutation status for chemoradiotherapy efficacy and new molecular subtype.Methods The expression level of MORC2 in 45 glioblastoma tissues was measured by immunohistochemical staining and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical prognosis after chemoradiotherapy was analyzed.Further more,the prognostic values of the expression of MORC2 combined with the status of IDH1 were assessed in a glioblastoma CGGA mRNA dataset.Results High expression of MORC2 was observed in 76％ of glioblastoma patients,which was negatively correlated with overall survival (HR=2.928,95％CI:1.582-5.418,P=0.002;recurrence-free survival (HR=2.204,95％CI:1.186-4.095,P=0.022).Moreover,according to the prognosis value of MORC2 expression and IDH1 mutation status,glioblastoma patients were divided into 3 molecular subtypes.Patients with the subtype of IDH1mt/MORC2low obtained the best clinical prognosis with a median survival of 22 months (95％CI:13.98-30.02),whereas those with the subtype of IDH1wt/MORC2high obtained the worst clinical prognosis with a median survival of 5.63 months (95％CI:3.92-7.34,HR=4.15,95％CI:3.92-7.34,P=0.002).Among IDH1wt glioblastoma patients,MORC2high patients had worse clinical prognosis compared with MORC2low counterparts,prompting that IDH1wt/ MORC2high glioblastoma tissues yielded higher capability of DNA injury repairing and resistance to chemoradiotherapy.Conclusions The high expression of MORC2 can be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis of glioblastoma patients after chemoradiotherapy.IDH 1 mutation status combined with MORC2 expression can establish a novel molecular subtyping,which provide evidence for stratified therapy for glioblastoma patients.

Phaco-EX-PRESS for refractory open-angle glaucoma with cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To observe the effect of phaco-EX-PRESS for refractory open-angle glaucoma with cataract.<p>METHODS: Totally 66 patients(67 eyes)with refractory open-angle glaucoma and cataract were selected.There were 34 eyes in the phaco-EX-PRESS and 33 eyes in the phacotrabeculectomy. Preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP), intraoperative complications, operation time, postoperative BCVA and IOP, postoperative complications were observed. The follow-up time were 1d, 1wk, 1mo, 6mo and 1a.<p>RESULTS: The operation time in experimental group was 23.26±2.00min, while the control group was 31.73±2.17min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(<i>t</i>=16.68, <i>P</i><0.01). In the experimental group, superficial anterior chamber and filtering bubble scar occurred in 1 eye each. In the control group, low IOP occurred in 3 eyes, anterior chamber hemorrhage and choroid detachment in 1 eye and filtering bubble scar in 5 eyes.There was no statistically significant difference in follicular Kronfeld classification(<i>Z</i>=-0.775, <i>P</i>=0.438). Intervention factors and time in both groups had an effect on postoperative IOP. Intervention factors had no effect on postoperative visual acuity, and the difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups was statistically significant.<p>CONCLUSION: Phaco-EX-PRESS for the refractory open-angle glaucoma combined with cataract is safe and effective, and the operation time is shorter, so it can be used as a conventional combination surgery.

Efficacy of electroacupuncture nerve stimulation therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture nerve stimulation therapy (ENST) for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS).@*METHODS@#A total of 68 patients with IC/PBS were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 34 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with ENST; abdominal four acupoints and sacral four acupoints were connected with a pair of electrodes and treated alternately every other day. The ENST was given 50 min per times, three times a week for 3 months. The patients in the control group were treated with perfusion therapy of four-medication combination (heparin sodinm, lidocaine, sodium bicarbonate, gentamicin sulfate), twice a week for the first 6-8 weeks, followed by twice per month for 3 months. The infusion fluid remained for 1 h before discharging. The O' Leary-Sant score, including interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI) and interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI), 24 h urination frequency, visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum bladder volume were observed before treatment and treatment of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment respectively; the adverse events during the treatment were also recorded.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the O'Leary-Sant score (ICSI, ICPI), 24 h urination frequency, VAS and maximum bladder volume in the two groups were improved after 1, 3 months treatment and 6 months after treatment (all <0.05). The scores of ICSI, ICPI, VAS and 24 h urination frequency in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.05). The maximum bladder volume in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (<0.05). Six months after treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 87.5% (28/32), which was higher than 69.7% (23/33) in the control group (<0.01). No significant adverse events occurred during the treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#ENST could effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of IC/PBS, but its long-term efficacy needs further observation.